LeetCode in Python

22. Generate Parentheses

Medium

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

Example 1:

Input: n = 3

Output: [”((()))”,”(()())”,”(())()”,”()(())”,”()()()”]

Example 2:

Input: n = 1

Output: [”()”]

Constraints:

Here are the steps to solve the “Generate Parentheses” problem:

Approach:

  1. Initialize Result List:
    • Initialize an empty list result to store the generated combinations.
  2. Define Recursive Function:
    • Define a recursive function generateParenthesisHelper that takes parameters:
      • current: the current combination being built.
      • left: the remaining count of open parentheses.
      • right: the remaining count of close parentheses.
  3. Base Case:
    • If both left and right become zero, add the current combination to the result list.
  4. Recursive Calls:
    • If left is greater than zero, make a recursive call with one less open parenthesis and the current combination appended with an open parenthesis.
    • If right is greater than left, make a recursive call with one less close parenthesis and the current combination appended with a close parenthesis.
  5. Initialize:
    • Start the recursion by calling the generateParenthesisHelper function with an empty string (current), the total number of open parentheses (n), and the total number of close parentheses (n).
  6. Return Result:
    • Return the result list containing all the valid combinations.

Python Code:

class Solution:
    def generateParenthesis(self, n: int):
        def generateParenthesisHelper(current, left, right):
            # Base case: If both left and right are zero, add the current combination to result
            if left == 0 and right == 0:
                result.append(current)
                return
            # Recursive calls
            if left > 0:
                generateParenthesisHelper(current + '(', left - 1, right)
            if right > left:
                generateParenthesisHelper(current + ')', left, right - 1)

        # Initialize result list
        result = []
        # Start recursion
        generateParenthesisHelper('', n, n)
        # Return result list
        return result

# Example Usage:
solution = Solution()

# Example 1:
n1 = 3
result1 = solution.generateParenthesis(n1)  # Output: ["((()))","(()())","(())()","()(())","()()()"]

# Example 2:
n2 = 1
result2 = solution.generateParenthesis(n2)  # Output: ["()"]

This code defines a Solution class with a method generateParenthesis that takes an integer n as input and returns a list containing all combinations of well-formed parentheses for n pairs. The example usage demonstrates how to create an instance of the Solution class and call the generateParenthesis method with different inputs.

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